Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin (1964-1968)

Background

Lt. Gen. Rabin started his term as the IDF Chief of the General Staff in 1963, a time during which Arab nations were arming themselves with Soviet weapons. Rabin foresaw possible outcomes, and worked in order to prepare the IDF for an upcoming war. He purchased American weapons and new technologies, preparing the military for large-scale operations. Meanwhile, he also worked on creating operational programs for future use. All of these later contributed to the IDF’s quick victory during the Six Day War.

Israel’s northern border was one of the most volatile borders during that time, partially due to Syria’s and Lebanon‘s attempts to divert Israeli water sources. Lt. Gen. Rabin opposed any operation that included occupation of parts of Syria, and instead lead incursions that would harm the water-diverting mechanism, and not Syrian soldiers.

Lt. Gen. Rabin’s children visit him at his office.

Another challenge at the time was posed by Fatah, the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Originally established in 1964, Fatah fought against the Israeli government and was deemed a major security threat. As a result of the fact that Fatah’s headquarters were based in Syria, Rabin decided an attack on Syria was justified. An interview with Rabin about the Syrian government led to a strong response, and was later considered a major factor for the speedy war preparation in Israel. In response to Syrian attacks against Israeli civilians, Rabin attacked civilian facilities in Syria.

At the end of 1966, Levi Eshkol, who was the Israeli Prime Minister at the time, decided to extend Lt. Gen. Rabin’s term as the IDF Chief of Staff for an extra year.

The Six Day War

In 1967, Lt. Gen. Rabin’s fourth year as the Chief of Staff, the Six Day War broke out. At the time, armed conflict was considered a far-fetched option, especially with Egypt. Tensions in the north were still the focus of attention in public opinion. Syrian aggression prompted the Israeli Air Force into action — in an aerial battle that took place on April 7, six Syrian planes were shot down.

In response, Egypt, an ally of Syria, started calling up its reserve forces. As the movement of Egyptian forces in Sinai was contrary to its truce with Israel, Rabin saw this as an act of intimidation, and suggested recruiting IDF reservist units as well. Gamal Abdel Nasser, then the Egyptian president, called for UN representatives in the Sinai peninsula to evacuate the area, and closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli vessels. For Rabin, this was tantamount to a declaration of war. Diplomatic relations began to deteriorate, and war was shortly declared inevitable by all sides.

Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin in the entrance of the Old City of Jerusalem during the Six Day War.

Lt. Gen. Rabin was optimistic about Israel’s ability to win, and that the IDF itself was well-prepared. Recruiting the reservist units was a difficult move, as it caused uneasiness among the people and placed public pressure on the government to go to war.

This tense time of waiting brought about the establishment of the Grand Coalition Government. Prime Minister Levi Eshkol had to give up his role as the Minister of Defense and transferred the job to Moshe Dayan. On June 4, 1967, the government decided to go to war.

On June 5, in an operation which included most of the Israeli Air Force, the Air Force attacked the airports and air forces of Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Jordan – an attack which resulted in severe damage. The war on the Egyptian front was over in a few days, and the Egyptian forces withdrew to the Suez Canal. As a result of Jordanian attacks around Jerusalem, another front was opened. After two days, the IDF entered Judea and Samaria, as well as East Jerusalem.

During the last stages of the battle with the Egyptian and Jordanian militaries, the IDF went on the offensive against the Syrians in the Golan Heights. After an arduous military operation the region was won over, the ceasefire agreements enforced, and relative quiet reigned once again.

Aftermath

Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin giving a speech when receiving his honorary doctor’s degree

Due to his major part in winning the war, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem awarded Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin an honorary doctorate degree.

In his concluding speech at the university, Rabin spoke about the high price that both Israel and its opponents had paid, without gloating or underestimating the enemy:

The men in the front lines saw with their own eyes not only the glory of victory, but also its cost, their comrades fallen beside them soaked in blood. And I know that the terrible price the enemy paid has also deeply moved many of our men.

For more photos of Lt. Col. Yitzhak Rabin, check out our Flickr album, Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin, 7th Chief of Staff.

Political Career

After having proven himself as a highly effective soldier and commander, and having overseen Israel’s most spectacular military victory, Rabin embarked on a long political career that would see him elected twice as Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Rabin achieved great political and diplomatic successes, including signing a historic peace treaty between Israel and Jordan in 1994.

On November 4, 1995, Rabin was shot and killed by extremist Yigal Amir during a rally in support of Rabin’s government’s efforts towards achieving a peace agreement with the Palestinians.

Rabin’s funeral at Mount Herzl was attended by hundreds of world leaders and heads of state. Every year, the memory of this great hero is commemorated in ceremonies throughout the country.

Source: The Yitzhak Rabin Center